Scroll composite having amphiphilic substance inside and method for preparation of the same

ABSTRACT

Provided are a scroll preparing method using a two-dimensional material and a scroll prepared thereby. The scroll preparing method comprises preparing a two-dimensional material. The two-dimensional material is scrolled by providing an amphiphilic substance having a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion on the two-dimensional material. As a result, a scroll composite including the amphiphilic substance disposed inside a scroll structure is formed.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a one-dimensional material, and moreparticularly, to a scroll.

BACKGROUND ART

Two-dimensional materials such as graphene have different thermal,mechanical and electrical characteristics from three-dimensional bulkmaterials. Specifically, the two-dimensional materials are known to haveexcellent mechanical strength, intensity and flexibility, and also haveexcellent electrical and thermal conductivities. Due to the excellentcharacteristics of such a two-dimensional material, the two-dimensionalmaterial is widely applied to an energy storage device, an energyconversion device, a sensor, a catalyst, and a bio micro electromechanical system (bio MEMS).

Meanwhile, since a carbon nanotube, which is a one-dimensional materialcorresponding to an allotrope of graphene, has excellent thermal,mechanical and electrical characteristics, it is also applied in variousfields like the two-dimensional material.

Research on the preparation of a composite structure including desiredvarious materials inside the nanotube is progressing. A carbon nanotubecomposite material has been made by adding a desired material such asfullerene (Brian W. Smith, Marc Monthioux, David E. Luzzi, EncapsulatedC60 in carbon nanotubes, Nature, VOL 396, 26, NOVEMBER, 1998), anorganic material (TAISHI TAKENOBU et al., Stable and controlledamphiphilic doping by encapsulation of organic molecules inside carbonnanotubes, Nature Materials, VOL 2, OCTOBER, 2003), a metal(Jean-Philippe et al., Selective Deposition of Metal NanoparticlesInside or Outside Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes, ACSNano, VOL. 3, NO. 8,2081-2089, 2009) into a carbon nanotube. However, it was not easy toprepare the nanotube with open ends, and to remove a desired materialafter addition thereof.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

Therefore, an object to be solved by the present invention is to providea method for forming a one-dimensional scroll by inducing the roll-up ofa two-dimensional material, and the one-dimensional scroll formedthereby.

Technical problems of the present invention are not limited to thosedescribed above, and other technical problems that have not beendescribed will be fully understood to those of ordinary skill in the artfrom the descriptions that will be described below.

Technical Solution

One aspect of the present invention provides a scroll composite. Thescroll composite includes a two-dimensional material scroll with openends. An amphiphilic substance is disposed inside the scroll.

The two-dimensional material may be a single substance selected from thegroup consisting of graphene, graphene oxide, boron nitride, boroncarbon nitride (BCN), tungsten oxide (WO₃), tungsten sulfide (WS₂),molybdenum sulfide (MoS₂), molybdenum telluride (MoTe₂), and manganeseoxide (MnO₂), or a composite substance including a stack of two or morethereof.

The amphiphilic substance may be a surfactant, a bile acid, a bile acidsalt, a hydrate of a bile acid salt, a bile acid ester, a bile acidderivative, or a bacteriophage.

The amphiphilic substance may be in a self-assembled structure.Hydrophilic portions of the amphiphilic substances may be exposed at theexterior of the self-assembled structure. The self-assembled structuremay have a spherical, rod-shaped or fiber-shaped structure.

The self-assembled structure of the amphiphilic substance may includecore particles and one or more shells including the amphiphilicsubstances self-assembled on the core particle. A hydrophilic portion ofthe amphiphilic substance may be exposed at the exterior of theself-assembled structure of the amphiphilic substance. The core particlemay have a spherical or rod-shaped structure. The core particle may be ametal particle, a metal oxide particle, or a bacteriophage.

One aspect of the present invention provides a two-dimensional materialscroll. The two-dimensional material scroll has a structure in which atwo-dimensional material is rolled up, and which has van der Waalsinteractions between adjacent two-dimensional material sheets and hasopen ends. The two-dimensional material scroll may be a hollow scrollhaving an empty inside.

One aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing atwo-dimensional material scroll. First, a two-dimensional material isprovided. The two-dimensional material is scrolled by providing anamphiphilic substance having a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobicportion on the two-dimensional material. As a result, the amphiphilicsubstance is disposed inside the scrolled structure, thereby forming ascroll composite.

The two-dimensional material may be dispersed in a solvent, therebyproviding a two-dimensional material dispersion. The providing of theamphiphilic substance may be mixing an amphiphilic substance solutionprepared by dissolving the amphiphilic substance in a solvent with thetwo-dimensional material dispersion. The amphiphilic substance solutionmay be heated before being mixed with the two-dimensional materialdispersion. In addition, the heated amphiphilic substance solution maybe cooled before being mixed with the two-dimensional materialdispersion.

The amphiphilic substance solution may include core particles.

At least a part of the amphiphilic substance may be removed by solventtreatment and/or thermal treatment on the scroll composite, therebyforming a hollow scroll. The solvent may be one which dissolves theamphiphilic substance. The thermal treatment may be performed at 200 to800° C.

Advantageous Effects

As described above, according to the present invention, aone-dimensional scroll may be easily formed by inducing the roll-up of atwo-dimensional material using an amphiphilic substance. Also, theone-dimensional scroll may be provided.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1 to 3 are the schematic diagrams sequentially illustrating amethod for preparing a scroll according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 4 is the schematic diagram illustrating a method for preparing ascroll according to another exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are the schematic diagrams illustrating a method forpreparing a scroll according to still another exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIGS. 8 and 9 are the schematic diagrams illustrating a method forpreparing a scroll according to yet another exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 10 shows the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image (a) andtransmission electron microscope (TEM) image (b) of a boron nitridedispersion obtained during the process of Preparation Example 18.

FIG. 11 shows the image (a) of the boron nitride dispersion obtainedduring the process of Preparation Example 18, and the image (c) of amixed solution of the dispersion and a solution of a bile acidderivative of Formula 4.

FIG. 12 shows the TEM image (a) and high resolution (HR)-TEM images (b,c, d, e, f) of boron nitride scroll composite materials obtained inPreparation Example 18.

FIG. 13 shows the TEM image (a) of the boron nitride dispersion and theTEM images (b, c and d) of boron nitride scroll composite materials,obtained during the process of Preparation Example 18.

FIG. 14 shows the Raman graph of exfoliated h-BN (a) obtained during theprocess of Preparation Example 18 and a BN scroll composite material (b)obtained in Preparation Example 18.

FIG. 15 shows the HR-TEM images of a BN scroll composite material (a)obtained in Preparation Example 18 and a BN scroll composite material(b) obtained in Preparation Example 19.

FIG. 16 shows the SEM images (a, b) and TEM images (c, d) of BN scrollsobtained according to Preparation Examples 79 and 80.

FIG. 17 shows the TGA graph (a) and TEM image (b) of boron nitride, thebile acid derivative of Formula 4, and the BN scroll composite obtainedaccording to Preparation Example 18, obtained by thermal treatment in anitrogen atmosphere.

FIG. 18 shows the SEM image of a graphene dispersion obtained during theprocess of Preparation Example 1.

FIG. 19 shows the image (A) of the graphene dispersion obtained duringthe process of Preparation Example 1, and the image (D) of a mixedsolution of the dispersion and the bile acid derivative of Formula 4.

FIG. 20 shows the HR-TEM images of graphene scroll composite materialsobtained in Preparation Example 1.

FIG. 21 shows the Raman graph of an exfoliated graphene (G5 dispersion)obtained during the process of Preparation Example 2, graphene powderand a graphene scroll composite material (M-GNSs) obtained inPreparation Example 2.

FIG. 22 shows the SEM images of graphene scroll composite materialsobtained during the process of Preparation Example 2.

FIG. 23 shows the HR-TEM images (A, B, C) of a graphene scroll obtainedaccording to Preparation Example 74, and the SEM images (D, E, F) of agraphene scroll obtained according to Preparation Example 75.

FIG. 24 shows the TGA graph (a) and TEM image (b) of graphite, the bileacid derivative of Formula 4, and the graphene scroll composite obtainedaccording to Preparation Example 1, obtained by thermal treatment in anitrogen atmosphere.

FIG. 25 is the SEM image of an amphiphilic substance solution obtainedduring the process of Preparation Example 17.

MODES OF THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, to more fully explain the present invention, exemplaryembodiments according to the present invention will be described infurther detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, thepresent invention may be embodied in different forms and should not beunderstood as being limited to the examples, which will not be describedherein.

FIGS. 1 to 3 are the schematic diagrams sequentially illustrating amethod for preparing a scroll according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a two-dimensional material 30 is provided. Thetwo-dimensional material 30 refers to a very thin material having ananometer-scale thickness, for example, a material having 1 to 10 atomiclayers, for example 1 to 5 atomic layers, and for further example 1 to 2atomic layers. Each atomic layer may have a crystal structure, forexample, a hexagonal honeycomb shape.

The two-dimensional material 30 may be a composite material including asingle substance selected from the group consisting of graphene,graphene oxide, boron nitride, boron carbon nitride (BCN), tungstenoxide (WO₃), tungsten sulfide (WS₂), molybdenum sulfide (MoS₂),molybdenum telluride (MoTe₂), and manganese oxide (MnO₂), or a compositematerial including a stack of two or more thereof. The compositematerial may be one in which boron nitride, boron carbon nitride ormolybdenum sulfide is stacked on graphene, or one in which molybdenumsulfide is stacked on boron nitride.

Edges of such a two-dimensional material 30 have lower stability due tohigher surface energy than an in-plane region, and thus enables easyoxidation.

The two-dimensional material 30 may be dispersed in a solvent, therebypreparing a two-dimensional material dispersion. Specifically, thetwo-dimensional material dispersion may be obtained by dispersingtwo-dimensional material powder in a solvent by mechanical stirring orsonication, and then performing centrifugation. The solvent may be oneselected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol,isopropyl alcohol, toluene, benzene, hexane, heptane, m-cresol, ethylacetate, carbon disulfide, dimethylsulfoxide, dichloromethane,dichlorobenzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, acetone,tetrahydrofuran, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and aceticacid, or a combination of two or more thereof. The solvent may besuitably selected depending on the two-dimensional material to easilydisperse the two-dimensional material.

An amphiphilic substance 10 may be provided on the two-dimensionalmaterial 30. Specifically, the amphiphilic substance 10 may be addedinto the solvent in which the two-dimensional material 30 is dispersed,or an amphiphilic substance solution prepared by dissolving theamphiphilic substance 10 in a solvent may be mixed with thetwo-dimensional material dispersion. In addition, the amphiphilicsubstance solution may be heated before being mixed with thetwo-dimensional material dispersion. In this case, the amphiphilicsubstance solution may be cooled while being mixed with thetwo-dimensional material dispersion at room temperature, and thus theamphiphilic substance 10 may be easily self-assembled at an edge of thetwo-dimensional material 30.

In the amphiphilic substance solution, the amphiphilic substance may becontained, for example, at a concentration of 0.001 g/mL to 1 g/mL, butthe present invention is not limited thereto. However, according to theconcentration of the amphiphilic substance, an amount of scrollcomposites 40 (FIG. 2), which will be described below, may be adjusted,the composites being generated after the two-dimensional materialdispersion is mixed with the amphiphilic substance solution.

The solvent used in the amphiphilic substance solution may be oneselected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol,isopropyl alcohol, toluene, benzene, hexane, heptane, m-cresol, ethylacetate, carbon disulfide, dimethylsulfoxide, dichloromethane,dichlorobenzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, acetone,tetrahydrofuran, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone,dimethylformamide and acetic acid, or a combination of two or morethereof, and may be the same as or different from that used for thetwo-dimensional material dispersion.

The amphiphilic substance 10 may be a substance having both of ahydrophilic portion 10 a and a hydrophobic portion 10 b in one molecule.Specifically, the amphiphilic substance 10 may be an organic materialsuch as a surfactant, a bile acid, a bile acid salt, a hydrate of a bileacid salt, a bile acid ester, a bile acid derivative, or abacteriophage.

The surfactant may include one or more compounds selected from the groupconsisting of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ammonium lauryl sulfate,sodium laureth sulfate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, cetyl trimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, analkyltrimethylammonium salt, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPCl),polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), benzalkonium chloride (BAC),benzethonium chloride (BZT), dodecyl betaine, dodecyl dimethylamineoxide, cocamidopropyl betaine, alkyl poly(ethylene oxide), a poloxamer,a poloxamine, alkyl polyglucoside, cetyl alcohol, sodium deoxycholate,cocamide MEA, cocamide DEA, sorbitan ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitanfatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyethyelene glycolhydroxystearate, polyoxyethylene glycolated natural or hydrogenatedcastor oil, a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer, a syntheticvitamin E derivative, polyoxyethylene alkyl ester, fatty acid microgolglyceride, polyglyceryl fatty acid ester, and a silicone-basedsurfactant. The one or more compounds may include one or more types ofcompounds, or the same type of two or more compounds.

The bile acid may be, for example, represented by Formula 1 below.

In Formula 1, R₁ and R₂ may each be independently —H or —OH, R₃ may be—(CONH—(CH₂)_(n1))_(n2)—Y₁, n1 may be 1 or 2, n2 may be 1 or 0, and Y₁may be —COOH or —SO₃H. In one example, R₁, R₂, and R₃ may be the same asdescribed in Table 1.

TABLE 1 R₁ R₂ R₃ Bile acid —OH —OH —COOH Cholic Acid —OH —H —COOHChenodeoxycholic Acid —H —OH —COOH Deoxycholic Acid —H —H —COOHLithocholic Acid —OH —OH —CONH—CH₂—COOH Glycocholic Acid —OH —OH—CONH—(CH₂)₂—SO₃H Taurocholic Acid —OH —H —CONH—CH₂—COOHGlycochenodeoxycholic Acid —OH —H —CONH—(CH₂)₂—SO₃HTaurochenodeoxycholic Acid —H —OH —CONH—CH₂—COOH Glycodeoxycholic Acid—H —OH —CONH—(CH₂)₂—SO₃H Taurodeoxycholic Acid —H —H —CONH—CH₂—COOHGlycolithocholic Acid —H —H —CONH—(CH₂)₂—SO₃H Taurolithocholic Acid

Another example of the bile acid may be dehydrocholic acid,hyodeoxycholic acid, or ursodeoxycholic acid.

The bile acid salt may be a metal salt of the bile acid, andspecifically, a bile acid sodium salt. In one example, the bile acidsalt may be sodium glycochenodeoxycholate, sodiumtaurochenodeoxycholate, sodium taurocholate, sodium dehydrocholate, orsodium deoxycholate.

Also, the hydrate of a bile acid salt may be a hydrate of the bile acidmetal salt, and specifically, a hydrate of the bile acid sodium salt. Inone example, the hydrate of a bile acid salt may be sodium taurocholatehydrate or sodium cholate hydrate.

The bile acid ester may be hyodeoxycholic acid methyl ester.

The bile acid derivative may be represented by Formula 2 below.

In Formula 2, n is 0, 1 or 2, and R₄ to R₇ are each independently agroup represented by Formula 3.

B₁_(m)L₁_(n)G₁  [Formula 3]

In Formula 3, B₁ is one group selected from the group consisting of

L₁ is a linker of —W₁—, -Q₁-, -Q₂-W₂—, —W₃-Q₃-W₄—, or —W₅-Q₄-W₆-Q₅-Q₆-,W₁, W₂, W₃, W₄, W₅, and W₆ are each independently

a₁ to a₃ are each an integer of 1 to 4, Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ areeach independently

and

G₁ is a group represented by

In addition, m is 0 or 1, n is 0 or 1, and when both of m and n are 0,G₁ is directly linked without B₁ and L₁.

In one example, R₄, R₅, and R₆ may each be independently —H, —OH, —SO₃H,—OSO₃H, or ═O, and R₇ may be a group represented by Formula 3.

The bile acid derivative may be any one of the bile acid derivatives ofFormulas 4 to 20.

-   (R)—N-(aminomethyl)-4-((3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanamide

-   (R)-methyl-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,    13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoate

-   (R)-4-((3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-N-(hydroxymethyl)pentanamide

-   (R)—N-(aminomethyl)-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanamide

-   (R)-4-((3R,5R,7R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-7-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-(sulfooxy)hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoic    acid

-   5β-cholanie acid-3α,12α-diol 3-acetate methyl ester

-   5β-cholanic acid-3-one

-   5β-cholanic acid 3,7-dione methyl ester

-   5β-cholanic acid-3,7-dione

-   carbamic(4R)-4-((3R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoic    anhydride

-   3R,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-7,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-((R)-5-((2-methyl-3-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)-5-oxopentan-2-yl)hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3-sulfonic    acid

-   (R)-4-oxo-7-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)octanenitrile

-   3-((R)-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanamido)propanoic    acid

(R)-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoicsulfuric anhydride

-   (R)—N-carbamoyl-4-((3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanamide

-   4-((S)-1-((3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13S,14S,17R)-3,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)ethyl)benzenesulfonic    acid

-   4-((S)-1-((3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13S,14S,17R)-3,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)ethyl)benzoic    acid

The bile acid includes an α-face exhibiting hydrophilicity since atleast one —OH and a —COOH or —SO₃H group are exposed, and a β-faceexhibiting hydrophobicity since —CH₃ groups are exposed, therebyexhibiting amphiphilicity. Also, the bile acid derivative includes anα-face exhibiting hydrophilicity since G₁ groups of Formula 3 areexposed and a β-face exhibiting hydrophobicity since —CH₃ groups areexposed, resulting in exhibiting amphiphilicity.

The bacteriophage is known to include a protein part and hydrophobictails. Therefore, the bacteriophage may be amphiphilic. Thebacteriophage may be a rod-shaped filamentous bacteriophage. Thefilamentous bacteriophage is known to have a hydrophilic rod disposed inthe center due to a residue such as a carboxyl group or amine group, andhydrophobic tails disposed at both ends. In one example, thebacteriophage may be at least one selected from the group consisting ofT1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, M13, MS2, fd, f1 and P22.

The hydrophilic portion 10 a of such an amphiphilic substance 10 may bebound to edges having high surface energy, particularly, an edge havingthe highest surface energy, of the two-dimensional material 30.Specifically, an edge of the two-dimensional material 30 may be bound tothe hydrophilic portion 10 a of the amphiphilic substance 10 by asurface interaction 21. The surface interaction may be ahydrophilic-hydrophilic interaction, an interaction between a Lewis acidand a Lewis base, or a hydrogen bond. Here, the hydrophobic portions 10b of the amphiphilic substances 10, wherein the amphiphilic substances10 are adjacent to each other and bound to the edges of thetwo-dimensional material 30, may be bound to each other by a force 22such as a van der Waals force. Therefore, the amphiphilic substance 10may be self-assembled to the edge of the two-dimensional material 30.

Referring to both FIGS. 1 and 2, the hydrophobic portions 10 b of theself-assembled amphiphilic substance 10 may have an interaction 23 withan in-plane region of the two-dimensional material 30 by van der Waalsforces 23. Such an interaction may initiate scrolling of thetwo-dimensional material 30. However, even when there is no interaction23, it is assumed that the scrolling of the two-dimensional material 30may be initiated only by the surface interactions 21 between the edge ofthe two-dimensional material 30 and the hydrophilic portions 10 a of theamphiphilic substance 10.

Once the scrolling of the two-dimensional material 30 is initiated, thescrolling is accelerated by van der Waals interactions 25, for example,a π-π interaction, between in-plane regions of the two-dimensionalmaterial 30, and thus the two-dimensional material 30 may be changedinto a scrolled structure, that is, a roll shape. As a result, a scrollcomposite 40, in which the amphiphilic substance 10 is disposed inside,specifically, in the center of the scrolled structure of thetwo-dimensional material, may be formed. The two-dimensional materialscroll, that is, the scroll composite 40 may have a one-dimensionalstructure, which is rod shaped or fiber shaped, and have open ends.

The amphiphilic substance 10 may remain in the scroll composite 40. Asthe size, shape or amount of the amphiphilic substance 10 is adjusted,the inner size of the scroll composite 40 is able to be adjusted.

Referring to FIG. 3, as at least a part or all of the amphiphilicsubstance 10 may be removed from the scroll composite 40 using solventtreatment and/or thermal treatment, a hollow scroll 50 that is empty atleast in a part or throughout may be prepared. The hollow scroll 50 mayhave a one-dimensional structure, that is, a hollow rod-shaped orfiber-shaped structure, that is, a tube-shaped structure. However, thehollow scroll 50 may have a structure with open ends, unlike a carbonnanotube.

Etching may be enhanced by adding thermal treatment while using thesolvent.

The solvent, which is a material capable of selectively dissolving onlythe amphiphilic substance 10, may be at least one selected from thegroup consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol,toluene, benzene, hexane, heptane, m-cresol, ethyl acetate, carbondisulfide, dimethylsulfoxide, dichloromethane, dichlorobenzene,chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, tetrahydrofuran,dimethylacctamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide and aceticacid, and a solvent treatment time may be 1 to 24 hours, or severaldays, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Meanwhile, the scroll composite may not be unrolled in the solvent bythe van der Waals interactions 25 between adjacent two-dimensionalmaterial sheets.

To the extent that a shape of the scroll is not deformed, a temperatureof the thermal treatment may be, but is not particularly limited to, forexample, 100 to 800° C., 100 to 700° C., 100 to 600° C., 100 to 500° C.,200 to 800° C., 200 to 700° C., 200 to 600° C., 200 to 500° C., 300 to800° C., 300 to 700° C., 300 to 600° C., 300 to 500° C., 400 to 800° C.,400 to 700° C., 400 to 600° C., or 400 to 500° C., 500 to 800° C., 500to 700° C., or 500 to 600° C., the treatment time may be, but is notlimited to, 0.1 to 10 hours. When the thermal treatment is performed ina gas atmosphere, a gas may be, for example, argon, nitrogen, etc. Also,the inert gas may be provided at a rate of, for example, approximately 1to 10 cc/min.

The thermal treatment may be, but is not limited to, induction heating,radiant heat, laser, IR, microwave, plasma, UV or surface plasmonheating.

FIG. 4 is the schematic diagram illustrating a method for preparing ascroll according to another exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention. Except the following description, the method for preparing ascroll according to this exemplary embodiment may be similar to thatdescribed with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. Also, FIG. 4 is the diagram ofan enlarged edge of the two-dimensional material.

Referring to FIG. 4, a filamentous bacteriophage may be provided on atwo-dimensional material 30 as an amphiphilic substance 10. It is knownthat the filamentous bacteriophage, as described with reference to FIG.1, has a hydrophilic rod 10 a disposed in the center due to a residuesuch as a carboxyl group or amine group, and hydrophobic tails 10 bdisposed at both ends. In one example, the bacteriophage may be at leastone selected from the group consisting of T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7,M13, MS2, fd, f1 and P22.

The hydrophilic rod 10 a of such a bacteriophage 10 may be bound toedges having high surface energy, particularly, an edge having thehighest surface energy among these edges, of the two-dimensionalmaterial 30. Specifically, an edge of the two-dimensional material 30may be bound to the hydrophilic rod 10 a of the bacteriophage 10 by asurface interaction 21. The hydrophobic tails 10 b of the bacteriophage10 may have an interaction 23 with an in-plane region of thetwo-dimensional material 30 by van der Waals forces. Such an interactionmay initiate scrolling of the two-dimensional material 30. However, evenwhen there is no such interaction 23, it is assumed that the scrollingof the two-dimensional material 30 may be initiated only by the surfaceinteraction 21 between an edge of the two-dimensional material 30 andthe hydrophilic rod 10 a of the bacteriophage 10. After the scrolling ofthe two-dimensional material 30 is initiated, the scrolling isaccelerated by the van der Waals interactions 25 (FIG. 2) between thein-plane regions of the two-dimensional material 30, thereby forming ascroll composite 40 (FIG. 2). Also, afterward, the bacteriophage may beremoved using a solvent for selective lysis or etching, thereby forminga hollow scroll 50 (FIG. 3).

FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 are the schematic diagrams illustrating a method forpreparing a scroll according to still another exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention. Except the following description, the method forpreparing a scroll according to this exemplary embodiment may be similarto that described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. Also, FIGS. 5 and 6show the enlarged edges of a two-dimensional material.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, self assemblies M1 and M2 of an amphiphilicsubstance may be provided on the two-dimensional material 30. To thisend, the concentration of the amphiphilic substance 10 in an amphiphilicsubstance solution prepared by dissolving the amphiphilic substance 10in a solvent may be adjusted to a critical micelle concentration orhigher, and before being mixed with a two-dimensional materialdispersion, the amphiphilic substance solution may be heated to apredetermined temperature, cooled, and then maintained for predeterminedtime. In this process, the amphiphilic substance 10 is self-assembled inthe amphiphilic substance solution, and thus may form a rod-shaped orfiber-shaped self assembly M1 as shown in FIG. 5, or a spherical selfassembly M2 as shown in FIG. 6. The self assemblies M1 and M2 may alsobe called micelles.

In such self assemblies M1 and M2, hydrophilic portions 10 a of theamphiphilic substance 10 may be exposed to the outside. Meanwhile, theshape of such self assemblies M1 and M2 may be determined by a solventin the amphiphilic substance solution.

Meanwhile, the diameter and/or length of the self assemblies M1 and M2may be changed depending on the concentration, heating temperature,cooling temperature, and maintaining time of the amphiphilic substancein the amphiphilic substance solution. To this end, the concentration ofthe amphiphilic substance in the amphiphilic substance solution may beapproximately 0.001 g/L to 1 g/L. The heating temperature may be 30 to200° C. The cooling temperature may be approximately −196 to 25° C.Also, the maintaining time may be 0.5 to 24 hours.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show that the self assemblies M1 and M2 are formed to havea monolayer shell of the amphiphilic substance 10, but the presentinvention is not limited thereto. In FIGS. 8 and 9, self assemblies M1and M2 are formed with a multi-layered shell of the amphiphilicsubstance 10, and the diameters of the assemblies may be adjusted by thenumber of the shell layers.

The hydrophilic portions 10 a of the amphiphilic substance, which areexposed to the outside, of such self assemblies M1 and M2 may be boundto edges of the two-dimensional material 30 having high surface energy,particularly, an edge having the highest surface energy. Specifically,an edge of the two-dimensional material 30 may be bound to thehydrophilic portions 10 a of the amphiphilic substance 10 by surfaceinteractions 21. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic portions 10 b of theamphiphilic substance 10 may be exposed in a region of the selfassemblies M1 and M2, in which the amphiphilic substance 10 is disposedat a very low density, and the exposed hydrophobic portions 10 b mayhave interactions 23 with an in-plane region of the two-dimensionalmaterial 30 by van der Waals forces. Such interactions may initiatescrolling of the two-dimensional material 30. However, even when thereis no interaction 23, it is assumed that the scrolling of thetwo-dimensional material 30 may be initiated only by the surfaceinteractions 21 between an edge of the two-dimensional material 30 andthe hydrophilic portions 10 a of the amphiphilic substance 10.

Referring to FIG. 7, after the scrolling of the two-dimensional material30 is initiated, the scrolling is accelerated by van der Waalsinteractions 25 between the in-plane regions of the two-dimensionalmaterial 30, and thus a scroll composite 40 may be formed. Since theamphiphilic substance 10 forms the self assemblies M1 and M2, the scrollcomposite 40 according to the this exemplary embodiment may have alarger inner diameter than that described with reference to FIG. 2.

Afterward, a hollow scroll 50 (of FIG. 3) may be prepared by removingthe amphiphilic substance 10 from the scroll composite 40 using asolvent and/or thermal treatment. However, the hollow scroll formed inthis exemplary embodiment may have a larger inner diameter than thatdescribed with reference to FIG. 3.

FIGS. 8 and 9 are the schematic diagrams illustrating methods forpreparing a scroll according to yet another exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention. Except the following description, the method forpreparing a scroll according to this exemplary embodiment may be similarto that described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. Also, FIGS. 8 and 9show an enlarged edge of a two-dimensional material.

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, self assemblies C1 and C2 of an amphiphilicsubstance may be provided on a two-dimensional material 30. The selfassemblies C1 and C2 of the amphiphilic substance may be formed byself-assembling the amphiphilic substance 10 on core particles 15 and17. The core particles 15 and 17 may be metal particles, metal oxideparticles, or bacteriophages, and as shown in FIG. 9, sphericalparticles 15, or as shown in FIG. 8, rod-shaped particles 17. Thebacteriophages may correspond to the rod-shaped particles 17, as shownin FIG. 8. When the amphiphilic substance 10 is self-assembled on thespherical particle 15, the self assembly C1 of the amphiphilic substancemay have a spherical shape, and however, when amphiphilic substance 10is self-assembled on the rod-shaped particle 17, the self assembly C2 ofthe amphiphilic substances may have a rod or fiber shape.

The metal particles may be Au, Ag, Fe, Al, Cu, Co, Ni, W, Zn, Mo, Ti,Ru, Pd, Ge, Pt, Li, Si, or an alloy particle of two or more thereof, andmay have a diameter of 1 nm to 10 μm. The metal oxide particles may beAl(OH)₃, Al₂O₃, MnO, SiO₂, ZnO, Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄, Li₄Ti₅O₁₂,LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O₄ or TiO₂ particles, and may have a diameter of 1 nmto 10 μm. When the metal particles or metal oxide particles have a rodshape, the particle may have a length of 1 nm to 10 μm.

The providing of the self assemblies C1 and C2 of the amphiphilicsubstance on the two-dimensional material 30 may be performed bystirring the amphiphilic substance 10 and the core particles added to asolvent, thereby preparing an amphiphilic substance solution, and mixingthe amphiphilic substance solution with a two-dimensional materialdispersion.

The metal particles, the metal oxide particles, and the bacteriophages15 and 17 may have a hydrophilic surface, and thus hydrophilic portions10 a of the amphiphilic substance 10 may be self-assembled on thehydrophilic substance, thereby forming a first shell S1. On the surfaceof the first shell S1, hydrophobic portions 10 b of the amphiphilicsubstance 10 may be exposed, and hydrophobic portions 10 b of theamphiphilic substance 10 may be self-assembled again on the surface ofthe first shell S1, thereby forming a second shell S2. The hydrophilicportion 10 a may be exposed at the surface of the second shell S2.However, since the second shell S2 may have the amphiphilic substance 10disposed at a very low density, compared with the first shell S1, bothof the hydrophilic portion 10 a and the hydrophobic portion 10 b may beexposed to the surfaces of the self assemblies C1 and C2 of theamphiphilic substance.

The hydrophilic portion 10 a exposed at the surface of the selfassemblies C1 and C2 of the amphiphilic substance may be bound to edgesof the two-dimensional material 30 having high surface energy,particularly, an edge having the highest surface energy. Further, thehydrophobic portions 10 b exposed at the surfaces of the self assembliesC1 and C2 of the amphiphilic substance may have interactions 23 with anin-plane region of the two-dimensional material 30 by van der Waalsforces. Such an interaction may initiate scrolling of thetwo-dimensional material 30. However, even when there is no suchinteraction 23, it is assumed that the scrolling of the two-dimensionalmaterial 30 may be initiated only by surface interactions 21 between anedge of the two-dimensional material 30 and the hydrophilic portions 10a of the amphiphilic substances 10.

After the scrolling of the two-dimensional material 30 is initiated, thescrolling is accelerated by van der Waals interactions 25 (of FIG. 2)between the in-plane regions of the two-dimensional material 30, therebyforming a scroll composite 40 (of FIG. 2). However, as the selfassemblies C1 and C2 are formed of the amphiphilic substance 10 alongwith the particles 15 and 17, the scroll composite according to theexemplary embodiment may have a larger inner diameter than thatdescribed with reference to FIG. 2.

In addition, the inner size, for example, the inner diameter of thescroll composite 40 (of FIG. 2) is able to be adjusted by adjusting thesize, for example, the diameters of the self assemblies C1 and C2 of theamphiphilic substance. The size of the self assemblies C1 and C2 of theamphiphilic substance may be adjusted depending on the size of theparticles 15 and 17 and/or the number of layers of the shells S1 and S2composed of the amphiphilic substance 10.

Afterward, a hollow scroll 50 (of FIG. 3) may be prepared by removingthe amphiphilic substance 10 from the scroll composite using a solventand/or thermal treatment. Here, when the amphiphilic substance 10 havingan interaction with the two-dimensional material 30 is removed, the coreparticle may also be removed. However, the hollow scroll formed in theexemplary embodiment may have a larger inner diameter than thatdescribed with reference to FIG. 3.

Hereinafter, exemplary examples are provided to help in understandingthe present invention. However, the following examples are merelyprovided to help in understanding the present invention, not to limitthe present invention by the following examples.

Preparation Examples 1 to 13, 66 to 68

1.5 g of graphene, which is a two-dimensional material, was put into asolvent shown in Table 2 or 6, and dispersed by mechanical stirring at2400 rpm for 1 hour. Afterward, following sonication for 30 minutes, thedispersion was centrifuged at 4400 rpm for 30 minutes, thereby obtaininga graphene dispersion, which is a supernatant.

Meanwhile, any one of the amphiphilic substances such as bile acidderivatives represented by Formulas 4 to 8 (Preparation Examples 1 to6), sodium dodecyl sulfate (Preparation Example 7), lauroyl microgolglyceride (Preparation Example 8), sodium cholate hydrate as a hydrateof a bile acid salt (Preparation Example 9), deoxycholic acid as bileacid (Preparation Example 9), bacteriophages T1, M13, and fd(Preparation Examples 11 to 13), or bile acid derivatives represented byFormulas 13 to 15 (Preparation Examples 66 to 68) was put into a solventshown in Table 2 or 6 with a weight shown in Table 2 or 6, therebypreparing an amphiphilic substance solution. Afterward, the resultingsolution was heated to a temperature shown in Table 2 or 6.

Afterward, in Preparation Examples 2 to 4, 6 to 8, 10 to 13, and 66, theamphiphilic substance solution may be maintained at a temperature shownin Table 2 or 6 for a time shown in Table 2 or 6 to recrystallize,self-assemble or micellize the amphiphilic substance.

After the graphene dispersion was mixed with the amphiphilic substancesolution, the resulting mixed solution was maintained at a temperatureshown in Table 2 or 6 for a time shown in Table 2 or 6. Afterward,graphene scroll composites including the amphiphilic substance inside agraphene scroll were obtained by filtering with a PTFE membrane.

Preparation Example 14

A graphene dispersion was obtained using the same method as described inPreparation Example 1, except that 1.5 g of graphene was put intomethanol.

A bile acid derivative (Formula 4) as an amphiphilic substance, and TiO₂particles (diameter: 20 nm, R&D Korea) as metal oxide particles wereadded to methanol in a weight ratio of 97:3, thereby preparing asolution having a sum concentration of 2.0 wt %, and the resultingsolution was stirred for 5 hours, resulting in an amphiphilic substancesolution. Afterward, the amphiphilic substance solution was heated to65° C., and maintained at 11° C. for 3 hours.

Subsequently, the graphene dispersion was mixed with the amphiphilicsubstance solution, and then the resulting mixture was maintained at 60°C. for 5 hours. As a result, a graphene scroll composite including aself assembly of the amphiphilic substance inside a graphene scroll wasobtained.

Preparation Example 15

A graphene dispersion was obtained using the same method as described inPreparation Example 1, except that 1.5 g of graphene was added toheptane.

A bile acid derivative of Formula 4 as an amphiphilic substance and abacteriophage P22 were added to heptane in a weight ratio of 80:20,thereby preparing a solution having a sum concentration of 3.0 wt %, andthe resulting solution was stirred for 1 hour, resulting in anamphiphilic substance solution. Afterward, the amphiphilic substancesolution was heated to 90° C.

The graphene dispersion was mixed with the amphiphilic substancesolution, and then maintained at 180° C. for 3 hours. As a result, agraphene scroll composite including a self assembly of the amphiphilicsubstance inside a graphene scroll was obtained.

Preparation Example 16

A graphene dispersion was obtained using the same method as described inPreparation Example 1, except that 1.5 g of graphene was added to carbondisulfide.

Deoxycholic acid as an amphiphilic substance and a Fe₃O₄ particles asmetal oxide particles were added to carbon disulfide in a weight ratioof 60:40, thereby preparing a solution having a sum concentration of 5wt %, and the resulting solution was stirred for 3 hours, resulting inan amphiphilic substance solution. Afterward, the amphiphilic substancesolution was heated to 110° C., and maintained at 0° C. for 4 hours.

The graphene dispersion was mixed with the amphiphilic substancesolution, and maintained at 10° C. for 6 hours. As a result, a graphenescroll composite including a self assembly of the amphiphilic substanceinside a graphene scroll was obtained.

Preparation Example 17

A graphene dispersion was obtained using the same method as described inPreparation Example 1, except that 1.5 g of graphene was added todichloromethane.

A sodium dodecyl sulfate as an amphiphilic substance and Ag particles(diameter: 1 μm, R&D Korea) as metal particles were added todichloromethane in a weight ratio of 90:10, thereby preparing a solutionhaving a sum concentration of 2.0 wt %, and the resulting solution wasstirred for 1 hour, resulting in an amphiphilic substance solution.Afterward, the amphiphilic substance solution was heated to 40° C., andmaintained at −4° C. for 5.5 hours.

The graphene dispersion was mixed with the amphiphilic substancesolution, and maintained at room temperature for 1 hour. As a result, agraphene scroll composite including a self assembly of the amphiphilicsubstance inside a graphene scroll was obtained.

Preparation Example 18

1.5 g of boron nitride as a two-dimensional material was added to 5 mlof ODCB, and dispersed by mechanical stirring at 2400 rpm for 1 hour.Afterward, following sonication for 30 minutes and centrifugation at4400 rpm for 30 minutes, a boron nitride dispersion, which is asupernatant, was obtained.

Meanwhile, 0.02 mmol of the bile acid derivative of Formula 4 as anamphiphilic substance was dissolved in 1 ml of ODCB, thereby preparingan amphiphilic substance solution. The amphiphilic substance solutionwas heated to 60° C.

The boron nitride dispersion was mixed with the heated amphiphilicsubstance solution, and maintained at room temperature for 24 hours. Asa result, a boron nitride dispersion scroll composite including a selfassembly of the amphiphilic substance inside a boron nitride dispersionscroll was obtained.

Preparation Example 19

0.002 mmol of the bile acid derivative of Formula 4 as an amphiphilicsubstance was dissolved in 1 ml of ODCB, thereby preparing anamphiphilic substance solution. The amphiphilic substance solution washeated to 60° C. Afterward, the heated amphiphilic substance solutionwas maintained at room temperature for 24 hours. Except theabove-described process, a boron nitride scroll composite including theamphiphilic substance inside a boron nitride scroll was obtained usingthe same method as used in Preparation Example 18.

Preparation Examples 20 to 32, 69, and 70

1.5 g of boron nitride as a two-dimensional material was added to asolvent shown in Table 3 or 6, and dispersed by mechanical stirring at2400 rpm for 1 hour. Afterward, following sonication for 30 minutes andcentrifugation at 4400 rpm for 30 minutes, a boron nitride dispersion asa supernatant was obtained.

Meanwhile, any one of the amphiphilic substances such as anN-hexadecyltrimethylammonium salt (Preparation Example 20), benzalkoniumchloride (Preparation Example 21), a bile acid derivative represented byFormula 7 (Preparation Example 22), a bile acid derivative representedby Formula 8 (Preparation Example 23), sodium dodecylsulfate(Preparation Example 24), sodium laureth sulfate (Preparation Example25), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPCl) (Preparation Example 26),α-tocopherol as a synthetic vitamin E derivative (Preparation Example27), sodium taurocholate (Preparation Example 28), bacteriophages M13,fd, T2, and MS2 (Preparation Examples 29 to 32), or bile acidderivatives represented by Formulas 16 and 17 (Preparation Examples 69and 70) was dissolved in a solvent shown in Table 3 or 6 with a weightshown in Table 3 or 6, thereby preparing an amphiphilic substancesolution. Afterward, the resulting solution was heated to a temperatureshown in Table 3 or 6.

Afterward, in Preparation Examples 21, 23 to 27, 29 to 32, 69, and 70,the amphiphilic substance solution was maintained at a temperature shownin Table 3 or 6 for a time shown in Table 3 or 6 to recrystallize,self-assemble or micellize the amphiphilic substance.

The boron nitride dispersion was mixed with the amphiphilic substancesolution, and maintained at a temperature shown in Table 3 or 6 for atime shown in Table 3 or 6. As a result, boron nitride scroll compositesincluding an amphiphilic substance inside a boron nitride scroll wereobtained.

Preparation Examples 33 to 47, 71 to 73

1.5 g of molybdenum sulfide as a two-dimensional material was added to asolvent shown in Table 4 or 6, and dispersed by mechanical stirring at2400 rpm for 1 hour. Afterward, following sonication for 30 minutes andcentrifugation at 4400 rpm for 30 minutes, a molybdenum sulfidedispersion as a supernatant was obtained.

Meanwhile, any one of the amphiphilic substances such as cetyl alcohol(Preparation Example 33), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene (PreparationExample 34), lauroyl microgol glyceride (Preparation Example 35), sodiumcholate hydrate (Preparation Example 36), deoxycholic acid (PreparationExample 37), bile acid derivatives represented by Formulas 4 to 8(Preparation Examples 38 to 42), bacteriophages T2, T4, M13, fd, and P22(Preparation Examples 43 to 47), and bile acid derivatives representedby Formulas 18 to 20 (Preparation Examples 71 to 73) was dissolved in asolvent shown in Table 4 or 6 with a weight shown in Table 4 or 6,thereby preparing an amphiphilic substance solution. Afterward, theresulting solution was heated to a temperature shown in Table 4 or 6.

Subsequently, in Preparation Examples 34, 35, 38 to 45, and 73, theamphiphilic substance solution was maintained at a temperature shown inTable 4 or 6 for a time shown in table 4 or 6 to recrystallize,self-assemble or micellize the amphiphilic substance.

The molybdenum sulfide dispersion was mixed with the amphiphilicsubstance solution, and maintained at a temperature shown in Table 4 or6 for a time shown in Table 4 or 6. As a result, molybdenum sulfidescroll composites including the amphiphilic substance inside amolybdenum sulfide scroll were obtained.

Preparation Example 48

A molybdenum sulfide dispersion was obtained using the same method asused in Preparation Example 47, except that 1.5 g of molybdenum sulfidewas added to dichloromethane.

A bile acid derivative of Formula 7 as an amphiphilic substance and abacteriophage fd were added to dichloromethane in a weight ratio of70:30, thereby preparing a solution having a sum concentration of 6 wt%, and the resulting solution was stirred for 0.5 hours, resulting in anamphiphilic substance solution. Afterward, the amphiphilic substancesolution was heated to 55° C.

The molybdenum sulfide dispersion was mixed with the amphiphilicsubstance solution, and maintained at room temperature for 24 hours. Asa result, a molybdenum sulfide scroll composite including a selfassembly of the amphiphilic substance inside a molybdenum sulfide scrollwas obtained.

Preparation Example 49

A molybdenum sulfide dispersion was obtained using the same method asused in Preparation Example 47, except that 1.5 g of molybdenum sulfidewas added to ODCB.

Cetyl alcohol as an amphiphilic substance and a bacteriophage P22 wereadded to ODCB in a weight ratio of 50:50, thereby preparing a solutionhaving a sum concentration of 5 wt %, and the resulting solution wasstirred for 3 hours, resulting in an amphiphilic substance solution.Afterward, the amphiphilic substance solution was heated to 120° C.

The molybdenum sulfide dispersion was mixed with the amphiphilicsubstance solution, and maintained at 100° C. for 11 hours. As a result,a molybdenum sulfide scroll composite including a self assembly of theamphiphilic substance inside a molybdenum sulfide scroll was obtained.

Preparation Example 50

A molybdenum sulfide dispersion was obtained using the same method asused in Preparation Example 47, except that 1.5 g of molybdenum sulfidewas added to chloroform.

An N-hexadecyltrimethylammonium salt as an amphiphilic substance andAl(OH)₃ particles as metal oxide particles were added to chloroform in aweight ratio of 70:30, thereby preparing a solution having a sumconcentration of 2 wt %, and the resulting solution was stirred for 1hour, resulting in an amphiphilic substance solution. Afterward, theamphiphilic substance solution was heated to 40° C., and maintained atroom temperature for 18 hours.

The molybdenum sulfide dispersion was mixed with the amphiphilicsubstance solution, and maintained at room temperature for 0.1 hours. Asa result, a molybdenum sulfide scroll composite including a selfassembly of the amphiphilic substance inside a molybdenum sulfide scrollwas obtained.

Preparation Example 51

A molybdenum sulfide dispersion was obtained using the same method asused in Preparation Example 47, except that 1.5 g of molybdenum sulfidewas added to acetic acid.

Sodium dodecylsulfate as an amphiphilic substance and SiO₂ particles asmetal oxide particles were added to acetic acid in a weight ratio of95:5, thereby preparing a solution having a sum concentration of 1 wt %,and the resulting solution was stirred for 4 hours, resulting in anamphiphilic substance solution. Afterward, the amphiphilic substancesolution was heated to 70° C., and maintained at −60° C. for 2 hours.

The molybdenum sulfide dispersion was mixed with the amphiphilicsubstance solution, and maintained at 250° C. for 0.5 hours. As aresult, a molybdenum sulfide scroll composite including a self assemblyof the amphiphilic substance inside a molybdenum sulfide scroll wasobtained.

Preparation Examples 52 to 59

1.5 g of graphene/boron carbon nitride (BCN) as a two-dimensionalmaterial was added into a solvent shown in Table 5, and dispersed bymechanical stirring at 2400 rpm for 1 hour. Afterward, followingsonication for 30 minutes and centrifugation at 4400 rpm for 30 minutes,a graphene/boron carbon nitride dispersion as a supernatant wasobtained.

Meanwhile, any one of the amphiphilic substances such as sodium laurethsulfate (Preparation Example 52), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPCl)(Preparation Example 53), α-tocopherol as a synthetic vitamin Ederivative (Preparation Example 54), sodium taurocholate (PreparationExample 55), and bacteriophages M13, fd, T2, and MS2 (PreparationExamples 56 to 59) was dissolved in a solvent shown in Table 5 with aweight shown in Table 5, thereby preparing an amphiphilic substancesolution. Afterward, the resulting solution was heated to a temperatureshown in Table 5.

Subsequently, in Preparation Examples 52 to 55, 58, and 59, theamphiphilic substance solution was maintained at a temperature shown inTable 5 and for a time shown in Table 5 to recrystallize, self-assembleor micellize the amphiphilic substance.

The graphene/boron carbon nitride dispersion was mixed with theamphiphilic substance solution, and maintained at a temperature shown inTable 5 and for a time shown in Table 5. As a result, graphene/boroncarbon nitride scroll composite materials including an amphiphilicsubstance inside a graphene/boron carbon nitride scroll were obtained.

Preparation Examples 60 to 65

1.5 g of graphene/molybdenum sulfide as a two-dimensional material wasadded to a solvent shown in Table 5, and dispersed by mechanicalstirring at 2400 rpm for 1 hour. Afterward, the sonication for 30minutes and centrifugation at 4400 rpm for 30 minutes, agraphene/molybdenum sulfide dispersion as a supernatant was obtained.

Meanwhile, any one of the amphiphilic substances such as bile acidderivatives represented by Formulas 5 to 8 (Preparation Examples 60 to63), sodium dodecyl sulfate (Preparation Example 64), and lauryloylmicrogol glyceride (Preparation Example 65) was dissolved in a solventshown in Table 5 with a weight shown in Table 5, thereby preparing anamphiphilic substance solution. Afterward, the resulting solution washeated at a temperature shown in Table 5.

Subsequently, in Preparation Examples 60, 63, and 64, the amphiphilicsubstance solution was maintained at a temperature shown in Table 5 andfor a time shown in Table 5 to recrystallize, self-assemble or micellizethe amphiphilic substance.

The graphene/molybdenum sulfide dispersion was mixed with theamphiphilic substance solution, and maintained at a temperature shown inTable 5 for a time shown in Table 5. As a result, graphene/molybdenumsulfide scroll composites including an amphiphilic substance inside agraphene/molybdenum sulfide scroll were obtained.

TABLE 2 Maintenance condition for Two-dimensional material Amphiphilicsubstance solution amphiphilic dispersion amphiphilic substance solutionMixed solution two- substance main- main- dimensional (mole heatingtenance temper- tenance Preparation material solvent temperature numberor solvent temper- temperature time ature time Example (1.5 g) (volume)(° C.) weight) (volume) ature (° C.) (hr) (° C.) (hr) Preparationgraphene ODCB room bile acid ODCB  60° C. — — R.T. 24 Example 1 (5 ml)temperature derivative (1 ml) (R.T.) (Formula4) (0.02 mmol) Preparationgraphene ODCB R.T. bile acid ODCB 60 R.T. 24 R.T. 24 Example 2 (5 ml)derivative (1 ml) (Formula4) (0.02 mmol) Preparation graphene toluene60° C. bile acid toluene 180° C. 18° C. 0.5  60° C. 4 Example 3 (5 ml)derivative (1 ml) (Formula5) (0.02 mmol) Preparation graphene isopropyl60° C. bile acid Isopropyl 100° C. −196° C.  0.5 180° C. 0.1 Example 4alcohol derivative alcohol (500 ml) (Formula6) (100 ml) (0.2 mmol)Preparation graphene benzene 70° C. bile acid benzene 100° C. — —  10°C. 12 Example 5 (5 ml) derivative (5 ml) (Formula 7) (0.01 g)Preparation graphene tetrahydrofuran R.T. bile acid tetrahydrofuran  70°C.  4° C. 4 R.T. 3 Example 6 (15 ml) derivative (5 ml) (Formula 8) (0.1g) Preparation graphene ODCB R.T. sodium ODCB 180° C.  0° C. 0.1 200° C.5 Example 7 (15 ml) dodecylsulfate (2 ml) (0.05 g) Preparation graphenecarbon 65° C. lauryloyl carbon 200° C. −10° C.  12 300° C. 7 Example 8tetrachloride microgol tetrachloride (5 ml) glyceride (1 ml) (0.01 g)Preparation graphene ODCB 90° C. sodium ODCB 300° C. — — R.T. 10 Example9 (5 ml) cholate (1 ml) hydrate (0.01 g) Preparation graphene chloroform55° C. deoxycholic chloroform  60° C.  0° C. 5 100° C. 24 Example (500ml) acid (100 ml) 10 (0.1 g) Preparation graphene acetic acid 65° C. T1acetic acid 100° C.  4° C. 7 R.T. 0.5 Example (50 ml) (0.02 g) (1 ml) 11Preparation graphene ODCB 90° C. M13 ODCB  30° C. 18° C. 10 250° C. 2Example (25 ml) (0.01 g) (15 ml) 12 Preparation graphene water 40° C. fdwater 200° C. 13° C. 24 120° C. 2 Example (15 ml) (0.001 g) (10 ml) 13Preparation graphene methanol 40° C. TiO₂/ methanol  65° C. 11° C. 3 60° C. 5 Example (20 ml) bile acid (10 ml) 14 derivative (Formula4)(0.05 g) Preparation graphene heptane R.T. P22/ heptane  90° C. — — 180°C. 3 Example (30 ml) bile acid (10 ml) 15 derivative (Formula 4) (0.05g) Preparation graphene carbon 55° C. Fe3O4/ carbon 110° C.  0° C. 4 10° C. 6 Example disulfide deoxycholic disulfide 16 (35 ml) acid (15ml) (0.03 g) Preparation graphene dichloromethane 65° C. Ag/dichloromethane  40° C. −4° C. 5.5 R.T. 1 Example (55 ml) sodium (10 ml)17 dodecyl sulfate (0.01 g)

TABLE 3 Maintenance condition for amphiphilic Two-dimensional materialsubstance dispersion Amphiphilic substance solution solution Mixedsolution two- amphiphilic main- main- dimensional substance heatingtenance temper- tenance Preparation material solvent temperature (molenumber or solvent temper- temperature time ature time Example (1.5 g)(volume) (° C.) weight) (volume) ature (° C.) (hr) (° C.) (hr)Preparation boron ODCB R.T. bile acid derivative ODCB 60 — — R.T. 24Example nitride (50 ml) (Formula 4) (20 ml) 18 (0.02 mmol) Preparationboron ODCB R.T. bile acid derivative ODCB 60 R.T. 24 R.T. 24 Examplenitride (50 ml) (Formula4) (10 ml) 19 (0.02 mmol) Preparation boronacetone R.T. N- acetone  15° C. 0° C. I  20° C. 24 Example nitride (60ml) hexadecyltrimethyl- (10 ml) 20 ammonium salt (0.01 g) Preparationboron ODCB 55° C. benzalkonium ODCB 130° C. 0° C. 3 300° C. 24 Examplenitride (20 ml) chloride (10 ml) 21 (0.01 g) Preparation boron toluene65° C. bile acid derivative toluene 100° C. — — R.T. 11 Example nitride(15 ml) (Formula 7) (10 ml) 22 (0.005 g) Preparation boron Isopropyl 30°C. bile acid derivative Isopropyl  60° C. R.T. 24 100° C. 24 Examplenitride alcohol (Formula 8) alcohol 23 (150 ml) (0.05 g) (100 ml)Preparation boron benzene 45° C. sodium dodecyl benzene 100° C. 4° C. 1 5° C. 4 Example nitride (5 ml) sulfate (1 ml) 24 (0.001 g) Preparationboron tetrahydrofuran R.T. sodium larureth tetrahydrofuran  60° C. 0° C.0.5 250° C. 0.1 Example nitride (5 ml) sulfate (1 ml) 25 (0.001 g)Preparation boron ODCB R.T. cetylpyridyl chloride ODCB 180° C. −10° C. 1 R.T. 12 Example nitride (5 ml) (0.001 g) (1 ml) 26 Preparation boroncarbon 30° C. alpha-tocopherol carbon  30° C. 4° C. 1  60° C. 3 Examplenitride tetrachloride (0.001 g) tetrachloried 27 (5 ml) (1 ml)Preparation boron ODCB 60° C. sodium taurocholate ODCB 120° C. — — 180°C. 5 Example nitride (5 ml) (0.001 g) (1 ml) 28 Preparation boronchloroform 50° C. M13 chloroform  50° C. −196° C.   4  10° C. 7 Examplenitride (50 ml) (0.03 g) (20 ml) 29 Preparation boron acetic acid 40° C.fd acetic acid  40° C. −20° C.  0.1 R.T. 10 Example nitride (50 ml)(0.01 g) (20 ml) 30 Preparation boron ODCB R.T. T2 ODCB 150° C. −10° C. 12 200° C. 24 Example nitride (10 ml) (0.001 g) (1 ml) 31 Preparationboron water R.T. MS2 water 100° C. 0° C. 3 300° C. 0.5 Example nitride(10 ml) (0.001 g) (1 ml) 32

TABLE 4 Two-dimensional material dispersion Amphiphilic substancesolution two- amphiphilic dimensional substance Preparation materialsolvent temperature (mole number or solvent heating Example (1.5 g)(volume) (° C.) weight) (volume) temperature Preparation molybdenummethanol R.T. cetyl alcohol methanol 60° C. Example sulfide (15 ml)(0.02 g) (10 ml) 33 Preparation molybdenum heptane 60° C.polyoxyethylene- heptane 55° C. Example sulfide (30 ml) polyoxypropylene(10 ml) 34 (0.003 g) Preparation molybdenum carbon 50° C. lauryloylmicrogol carbon 120° C.  Example sulfide disulfide glyceride disulfide35 (30 ml) (0.007 g) (10 ml) Preparation molybdenum dichloromethane 60°C. sodium cholate dichloromethane 70° C. Example sulfide (5 ml) hydrate(1 ml) 36 (0.001 g) Preparation molybdenum acetone 65° C. deoxycholicacid acetone 70° C. Example sulfide (5 ml) (0.001 g) (1 ml) 37Preparation molybdenum ODCB 30° C. bile acid derivative ODCB 60° C.Example sulfide (5 ml) (Formula4) (1 ml) 38 (0.02 mmol) Preparationmolybdenum toluene 45° C. bile acid derivative toluene 120° C.  Examplesulfide (5 ml) (Formula5) (1 ml) 39 (0.02 mmol) Preparation molybdenumIsopropyl 60° C. bile acid derivative Isopropyl 70° C. Example sulfidealcohol (Formula6) alcohol 40 (15 ml) (0.005 g) (1 ml) Preparationmolybdenum benzene R.T. bile acid derivative benzene 100° C.  Examplesulfide (15 ml) (Formula7) (5 ml) 41 (0.004 g) Preparation molybdenumtetrahydrofuran R.T. bile acid derivative tetrahydrofuran 60° C. Examplesulfide (5 ml) (Formula8) (1 ml) 42 (0.005 g) Preparation molybdenumODCB 65° C. T2 ODCB 180° C.  Example sulfide (5 ml) (0.001 g) (1 ml) 43Preparation molybdenum carbon 30° C. T4 carbon 30° C. Example sulfidetetrachloride (0.005 g) tetrachloride 44 (5 ml) (1 ml) Preparationmolybdenum ODCB 45° C. M13 ODCB 120° C.  Example sulfide (15 ml) (0.001g) (10 ml) 45 Preparation molybdenum chloroform R.T. fd chloroform 50°C. Example sulfide (50 ml) (0.006 g) (10 ml) 46 Preparation molybdenumacetic acid R.T. P22 acetic acid 60° C. Example sulfide (50 ml) (0.008g) (10 ml) 47 Preparation molybdenum dichloromethane R.T. fd/dichloromethane 55° C. Example sulfide (15 ml) bile acid derivative (10ml) 48 (Formula7) (0.05 g) Preparation molybdenum ODCB R.T. P22/ ODCB120° C.  Example sulfide (5 ml) cetyl alcohol (1 ml) 49 (0.005 g)Preparation molybdenum chloroform R.T. Al(OH)₃/ chloroform 40° C.Example sulfide (5 ml) N- (1 ml) 50 hexadecyltrimethylammonium salt(0.002 g) Preparation molybdenum acetic acid 40° C. SiO₂/ acetic acid70° C. Example sulfide (5 ml) sodium dodecyl (1 ml) 51 sulfate (0.007 g)Maintenance condition for amphiphilic substance solution Mixed solutionmaintenance maintenance Preparation temperature time temperature timeExample (° C.) (hr) (° C.) (hr) Preparation — — 180° C. 10 Example 33Preparation 0° C. 1  10° C. 24 Example 34 Preparation 0° C. 3 R.T. 11Example 35 Preparation — — 200° C. 24 Example 36 Preparation — — 300° C.4 Example 37 Preparation 4° C. 10 R.T. 0.1 Example 38 Preparation 0° C.24 100° C. 12 Example 39 Preparation −10° C.  11 R.T. 3 Example 40Preparation 4° C. 24 250° C. 5 Example 41 Preparation R.T. 24 R.T. 7Example 42 Preparation R.T. 0.5  60° C. 10 Example 43 Preparation 18°C.  24 180° C. 24 Example 44 Preparation 4° C. 12  10° C. 0.5 Example 45Preparation — — R.T. 2 Example 46 Preparation — — 200° C. 2 Example 47Preparation — — R.T. 24 Example 48 Preparation — — 100° C. 11 Example 49Preparation R.T. 18 R.T. 0.1 Example 50 Preparation −60° C.  2 250° C.0.5 Example 51

TABLE 5 Amphiphilic substance Maintenance solution condition foramphiphilic amphiphilic Two-dimensional material substance substancesolution Mixed solution dispersion (mole main- main- two-dimensionalnumber temper- tenance tem- tenance Preparation material solventtemperature or solvent heating ature time perature time Example (1.5 g)(volume) (° C.) weight) (volume) temperature (° C.) (hr) (° C.) (hr)Preparation graphene/boron carbon 70° C. sodium carbon  30° C. 0° C. 1 10° C. 24 Example carbon nitride tetrachloride laureth tetrachloride 52(BCN) (15 ml) sulfate (10 ml) (0.001 g) Preparation graphene/boron ODCB55° C. cetylpyridyl ODCB 180° C. 0° C. 3 R.T. 11 Example carbon nitride(15 ml) chloride (10 ml) 53 (BCN) (0.02 mmol) Preparation graphene/boronchloroform R.T. alpha- chloroform  40° C. −55° C.  0.5 200° C. 24Example carbon nitride (20 ml) tocopherol (1 ml) 54 (BCN) (0.02 g)Preparation graphene/boron acetic R.T. sodium acetic  70° C. −25° C.  24300° C. 4 Example carbon nitride acid taurocholate acid 55 (BCN) (20 ml)(0.002 g) (1 ml) Preparation graphene/boron ODCB 40° C. M13 ODCB 180° C.— — R.T. 0.1 Example carbon nitride (500 ml) (0.1 g) (100 ml) 56 (BCN)Preparation graphene/boron water 55° C. fd water 100° C. — — 100° C. 12Example carbon nitride (500 ml) (0.05 g) (100 ml) 57 (BCN) Preparationgraphene/boron methanol 40° C. T2 methanol  65° C. R.T. 12 R.T. 3Example carbon nitride (100 ml) (0.05 g) (100 ml) 58 (BCN) Preparationgraphene/boron heptane 55° C. MS2 heptane  60° C. 10° C.  5 250° C. 5Example carbon nitride (500 ml) (0.03 g) (50 ml) 59 (BCN) Preparationgraphene/molybdenum ODCB R.T. bile acid ODCB 120° C. R.T. 24  60° C. 10Example sulfide (5 ml) derivative (1 ml) 60 (Formula 5) (0.02 mmol)Preparation graphene/molybdenum carbon R.T. bile acid carbon  30° C. — —180° C. 24 Example sulfide tetrachloride derivative tetrachloride 61 (5ml) (Formula (1 ml) 6) (0.02 mmol) Preparation graphene/molybdenum ODCB40° C. bile acid ODCB 200° C. — — R.T. 0.5 Example sulfide (20 ml)derivative (10 ml) 62 (Formula 7) (0.02 mmol) Preparationgraphene/molybdenum chloroform 70° C. bile acid chloroform  40° C. 0° C.1 100° C. 2 Example sulfide (25 ml) derivative (10 ml) 63 (Formula 8)(0.02 g) Preparation graphene/molybdenum acetic R.T. sodium acetic  70°C. 0° C. 3 R.T. 2 Example sulfide acid dodecyl acid 64 (50 ml) sulfate(10 ml) (0.05 g) Preparation graphene/molybdenum ODCB R.T. lauryloylODCB 120° C. — — 250° C. 5 Example sulfide (5 ml) microgol (1 ml) 65glyceride (0.001 g)

TABLE 6 Amphiphilic substance Maintenance Two-dimensional materialsolution condition for dispersion amphiphilic amphiphilic two- substancesubstance solution Mixed solution dimensional (mole heating tempera-maintenance temper- maintenance Preparation material solvent temperaturenumber or solvent temperature ture time ature time Example (1.5 g)(volume) (° C.) weight) (volume) (° C.) (° C.) (hr) (° C.) (hr)Preparation graphene ODCB R.T. bile acid ODCB 120° C. R.T. 24  60° C. 10Example (5 ml) derivative (1 ml) 66 (Formula 13) (0.02 mmol) Preparationgraphene carbon R.T. bile acid carbon  30° C. — — 180° C. 24 Exampletetrachloride derivative tetrachloride 67 (5 ml) (Formula (1 ml) 14)(0.02 mmol) Preparation graphene ODCB 40° C. bile acid ODCB 200° C. — —R.T. 0.5 Example (20 ml) derivative (10 ml) 68 (Formula 15) (0.02 mmol)Preparation boron chloroform 70° C. bile acid chloroform  40° C. 0° C. 1100° C. 2 Example nitride (25 ml) derivative (10 ml) 69 (Formula 16)(0.02 g) Preparation boron acetic R.T. bile acid acetic  70° C. 0° C. 3R.T. 2 Example nitride acid derivative acid 70 (50 ml) (Formula (10 ml)17) (0.02 mmol) Preparation molybdenum ODCB 60° C. bile acid ODCB 120°C. — — 250° C. 5 Example sulfide (5 ml) derivative (1 ml) 71 (Formula18) (0.02 mmol) Preparation molybdenum ODCB R.T. bile acid ODCB 120° C.— — 250° C. 5 Example sulfide (5 ml) derivative (1 ml) 72 (Formula 19)(0.02 mmol) Preparation molybdenum ODCB 60° C. bile acid ODCB  40° C. 0°C. 1 100° C. 2 Example sulfide (5 ml) derivative (1 ml) 73 (Formula 20)(0.02 mmol ODCB: Ortho-DichloroBenzene

Preparation Examples 74 to 91

Any one of the two-dimensional material scroll composites prepared inPreparation Examples 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 18, 19, 26, 27, 28, 39, 40, 41, 42,52, 53, 61, and 62 was added to a solvent shown in Table 7, andmaintained at a temperature shown in Table 7 for a treatment time shownin Table 7. As a result, the amphiphilic substance contained in thescroll composite was removed, and thus only a hollow scroll remained.

TABLE 7 Scroll composite Preparation Preparation Two-dimensionalAmphiphilic Thermal Removal Example Example material substance Solventtreatment or not Preparation Preparation graphene bile acid derivativemethanol 200° C. ◯ Example 74 Example 1 (Formula4) PreparationPreparation graphene bile acid derivative methanol 200° C. ◯ Example 75Example 2 (Formula4) Preparation Preparation graphene bile acidderivative ethanol 300° C. ◯ Example 76 Example 3 (Formula5) PreparationPreparation graphene sodium chlorate propanol 450° C. ◯ Example 77Example 9 hydrate Preparation Preparation graphene deoxycholic acidtetrahydrofuran 400° C. ◯ Example 78 Example 10 Preparation Preparationboron nitride bile acid derivative methanol 400° C. ◯ Example 79 Example18 (Formula 4) Preparation Preparation boron nitride bile acidderivative methanol 300° C. ◯ Example 80 Example 19 (Formula 4)Preparation Preparation boron nitride cetylpyridyl carbon 150° C. ◯Example 81 Example 26 chloride tetrachloride Preparation Preparationboron nitride synthetic vitamin E ODCB 500° C. ◯ Example 82 Example 27derivative Preparation Preparation boron nitride sodium carbon 200° C. ◯Example 83 Example 28 taurocholate tetrachloride Preparation Preparationmolybdenum sulfide bile acid derivative ODCB 450° C. ◯ Example 84Example 39 (Formula5) Preparation Preparation molybdenum sulfide bileacid derivative methanol 600° C. ◯ Example 85 Example 40 (Formula6)Preparation Preparation molybdenum sulfide bile acid derivative ethanol800° C. ◯ Example 86 Example 41 (Formula 7) Preparation Preparationmolybdenum sulfide bile acid derivative propanol 700° C. ◯ Example 87Example 42 (Formula 8) Preparation Preparation graphene/boron sodiumlaureth carbon 300° C. ◯ Example 88 Example 52 carbon nitride (BCN)sulfate tetrachloride Preparation Preparation graphene/boroncetylpyridyl ODCB 600° C. ◯ Example 89 Example 53 carbon nitride (BCN)chloride Preparation Preparation graphene/molybdenum bile acidderivative carbon 350° C. ◯ Example 90 Example 61 sulfide Formula6tetrachloride Preparation Preparation graphene/molybdenum bile acidderivative ODCB 200° C. ◯ Example 91 Example 62 sulfide Formula 7

FIG. 10 shows the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image (a) and thetransmission electron microscope (TEM) image (b) showing the boronnitride dispersion obtained during the process of Preparation Example18.

Referring to FIG. 10, exfoliated hexagonal-boron nitride (exfoliatedh-BN) was multi-layers boron nitride in which multiple layers werestacked in parallel, and its size corresponded to several hundrednanometers.

FIG. 11 shows the image (a) of the boron nitride dispersion obtainedduring the process of Preparation Example 18 and the image (c) of amixed solution of the dispersion and a bile acid derivative solution ofFormula 4. While Preparation Example 18 and the image (c) use 0.02 mmolof the bile acid derivative of Formula 4, the images (b) and (d) wererespectively obtained with mixed solutions of boron nitride dispersionsobtained with different mole numbers, for example, 0.01 mmol and 0.1mmol of the bile acid derivative of Formula 4 and the bile acidderivative solution of Formula 4.

Referring to FIG. 11, as the mole number of the bile acid derivative asan amphiphilic substance increases, it can be seen that the density offloating precipitates is increased, and phase separation is induced.Here, while precipitates on the bottom are coagulated h-BN and h-BNmultiple layers, almost all of the floating precipitates are boronnitride scroll composite materials.

FIG. 12 shows the TEM images (a) and high resolution (HR)-TEM images (b,c, d, e, f) of the boron nitride scroll composite materials obtained inPreparation Example 18.

Referring to FIG. 12, it can be seen that the boron nitride scrollcomposite materials having the bile acid derivative of Formula 4 insideand formed by interactions between h-BN sheets have a tube-like shape.It can be seen that the inner diameter of the boron nitride scrollcomposite material is 20 to 60 nm, and the distance between planes(d-spacing) in walls of the boron nitride scroll composite material is0.33 nm (see b). 0.33 nm corresponds to the interlayer distance of themulti-layered h-BN sheets and the BN nanotube. One boron nitride scrollthat is completely rolled up is shown in the images (c) and (d), and theenlarged images of the part represented by a circle in the images (c)and (d) are shown in (e) and (0, respectively. It can be seen that theends of the scroll in (e) and (f) are round.

FIG. 13 shows the TEM image (a) of the boron nitride dispersion obtainedduring the process of Preparation Example 18, and the TEM images b, cand d of boron nitride scroll composite materials.

Referring to FIG. 13, the images (b) and (c) correspond to an initialstage of scrolling h-BN, and the image (d) shows completed scrolling.

FIG. 14 shows the Raman graph of exfoliated h-BN (a) obtained during theprocess of Preparation Example 18 and a BN scroll composite material (b)obtained in Preparation Example 18.

Referring to FIG. 14, the exfoliated h-BN (a) shows an E_(2g) phononmode with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 16 cm⁻¹ at 1364 cm⁻¹,the BN scroll composite material (b) shows an E_(2g) phonon mode with anFWHM of 19 cm⁻¹ at 1366 cm⁻¹. It is assumed that the increases in a blueshift (2 cm⁻¹) and FWHM (3 cm⁻¹) in the E_(2g) phonon mode of the BNscroll composite material were caused by a lip-lip interaction betweenscrolled h-BN sheets and a morphological change of the BN scroll.

FIG. 15 shows the HR-TEM images of the BN scroll composite material (a)obtained in Preparation Example 18 and a BN scroll composite material(b) obtained in Preparation Example 19.

Referring to FIG. 15, it can be seen that, compared with the BN scrollcomposite material (a) obtained in Preparation Example 18, the BN scrollcomposite material (b) obtained in Preparation Example 19 has a largerinner diameter due to self assembly of the bile acid derivative ofFormula 4. Moreover, it can be seen that, in Preparation Example 19, thebile acid derivative of Formula 4 is self-assembled, thereby forming afiber. In Preparation Example 19, a process of forming the bile acidderivative solution at 60° C. and maintaining the solution at roomtemperature for 24 hours is performed, and it is assumed that, in such aprocess, a fiber was formed by recrystallization of the bile acidderivative. As described above, it can be seen that the inner diameterof the two-dimensional material scroll can be changed by therecrystallization of an amphiphilic substance.

FIG. 16 shows the SEM images (a, b) and TEM images (c, d) of BN scrollsobtained according to Preparation Examples 79 and 80.

Referring to FIG. 16, (c) is the TEM image of the BN scroll compositehaving a relatively smaller inner diameter obtained according toPreparation Example 18, washed with methanol several times inPreparation Example 79, and it can be seen that a bile acid derivativecontained inside is etched only at both ends of the BN scroll composite.(d) is the TEM image of the BN scroll composite having a relativelysmaller inner diameter obtained according to Preparation Example 18,precipitated in methanol and maintained for several days in PreparationExample 79, and it can be seen that a bile acid derivative containedinside is completely removed, thereby forming a hollow BN scroll. (a)and (b) are the SEM images of the BN scroll composite having arelatively larger inner diameter obtained according to PreparationExample 19, washed with methanol several times in Preparation Example80, and it can be seen that a hollow BN scroll having a relativelylarger inner diameter of approximately 125 nm is formed.

FIG. 17 shows the TGA graph (a) and TEM image (b) of boron nitride, thebile acid derivative of Formula 4, and the BN scroll composite obtainedaccording to Preparation Example 18, obtained by thermal treatment in anitrogen atmosphere.

Referring to FIG. 17(a), it can be seen that boron nitride is decreaseda little in weight until 810° C. The bile acid derivative (LCA) ofFormula 4 started to be rapidly degraded at approximately 300° C.,slowly degraded between 400 and 810° C., and thus completely removed.Meanwhile, the BN scroll composite (S-BNS) prepared according toPreparation Example 18 shows a similar curve to the bile acid derivativeof Formula 4, but finally, a 16.3 wt % residue was left. It is assumedthat the residue was a hollow BN scroll from which a bile acidderivative contained inside was removed with heat.

Referring to FIG. 17(b), it can be seen that the sidewall of the hollowBN scroll is composed of 6 to 7 sheets.

FIG. 18 shows the SEM image of a graphene dispersion obtained during theprocess of Preparation Example 1.

Referring to FIG. 18, exfoliated graphene is multi-layers graphene inwhich multiple layers are stacked in parallel, and its size correspondedto several hundred nanometers.

FIG. 19 shows the image (A) of the graphene dispersion obtained duringthe process of Preparation Example 1, and the image (D) of a mixedsolution of the dispersion and the bile acid derivative of Formula 4.

While Preparation Example 1 and the image (D) use 0.02 mmol of the bileacid derivative of Formula 4, the images (B), (C), and (E) wererespectively obtained with mixed solutions of the solutions of the bileacid derivative of Formula 4 obtained with different mole numbers, forexample, 0.001 mmol, 0.01 mmol and 0.1 mmol of the bile acid derivativeof Formula 4 and the graphene dispersion.

Referring to FIG. 19, as the mole number of the bile acid derivative asthe amphiphilic substance increases, it can be seen that the density offloating precipitates is increased, and phase separation is induced.Here, while precipitates on the bottom are coagulated graphene andgraphene multiple layers, almost all of the floating precipitates aregraphene scroll composite materials.

FIG. 20 shows the HR-TEM images of graphene scroll composite materialsobtained in Preparation Example 1.

Referring to FIG. 20, it can be seen that the graphene scroll compositematerials having the bile acid derivative of Formula 4 inside and formedby interactions between graphene sheets have a tube-like shape. It canbe seen that the graphene scroll composite material has an innerdiameter of 12 to 20 am, has a black inside since an amphiphilicsubstance is added into the graphene scroll composite material, and hasa d-spacing in graphene walls of 0.33 nm.

FIG. 21 shows the Raman graph of an exfoliated graphene (G₅ dispersion)obtained during the process of Preparation Example 2, graphene powderand a graphene scroll composite material (M-GNSs) obtained inPreparation Example 2.

Referring to FIG. 21, the exfoliated graphene shows G and D phonon modesat 1576 cm⁻¹ and 2677 cm⁻¹, the graphene powder shows the G and D phononmodes at 1570 cm⁻¹ and 2673 cm⁻¹, and the graphene scroll compositematerial shows G and D phonon modes at 1564 cm⁻¹ and 2698 cm⁻¹.

It is assumed that such G and D phonon shifts of the graphene scrollcomposite material were caused by the π-π interactions (pi-piinteractions) between scrolled graphene sheets and a morphologicalchange of the graphene scroll.

FIG. 22 shows the SEM images of graphene scroll composite materialsobtained during the process of Preparation Example 2.

Referring to FIG. 22, it is confirmed that the inner diameter of thegraphene scroll composite material is 250 nm, and an amphiphilicsubstance inside the graphene scroll composite material forms a fiber.

FIG. 23 shows the HR-TEM images (A, B, C) of the graphene scrollobtained according to Preparation Example 74, and the SEM images (D, E,F) of the graphene scroll obtained according to Preparation Example 75.

Referring to FIG. 23, (A) and (B) are the HR-TEM images of the graphenescroll composites having a relatively smaller inner diameter obtainedaccording to Preparation Example 1 of Preparation Example 74, washedwith methanol several times, and it can be seen that an internal bileacid derivative is etched at both ends of the graphene scroll composite.(C) is the HR-TEM image of the graphene scroll composite having arelatively smaller inner diameter obtained according to PreparationExample 1 in Preparation Example 74, precipitated in methanol and thenmaintained for several days, and it can be seen that the internal bileacid derivative is completely removed, and thereby forming a hollowgraphene scroll having an inner diameter of approximately 5 nm. (D), (E)and (F) are the SEM images of the graphene scroll composites having arelatively larger inner diameter obtained according to PreparationExample 2 in Preparation Example 75, washed with methanol several times,and it can be seen that a hollow graphene scroll is formed to have arelatively larger inner diameter of approximately 300 nm.

FIG. 24 shows the TGA graph (a) and TEM image (b) of graphite, the bileacid derivative of Formula 4, and the graphene scroll composite obtainedaccording to Preparation Example 1, obtained by thermal treatment in anitrogen atmosphere.

Referring to FIG. 24(a), it can be seen that graphite is decreased onlya little in weight until 810° C. The bile acid derivative of Formula 4started drastic deterioration at approximately 300° C., was graduallydegraded between 400 to 810° C., and then completely removed. Thegraphene scroll composite prepared according to Preparation Example 1showing a similar curve to the bile acid derivative of Formula 4, butfinally, a 24.5 wt % residue was left. It was assumed that such aresidue was a hollow graphene scroll from which an internal bile acidderivative was removed by heat.

Referring to FIG. 24(b), it can be seen that the sidewall of the hollowgraphene scroll is composed of 10 to 11 sheets.

FIG. 25 is the SEM image of the amphiphilic substance solution obtainedduring the process of Preparation Example 11.

Referring to FIG. 25, it can be confirmed that metal particles (Ag) andan amphiphilic substance (sodium dodecyl sulfate) are sufficientlymixed. This indicates that a two-dimensional material scroll compositecan be formed by depositing the metal particles and the amphiphilicsubstance inside a two-dimensional material scroll through selfassembly.

As described above, the present invention has been described withreference to exemplary specific preparation examples. However, the scopeof the present invention encompasses all of simple modifications oralternations of the present invention, and therefore will be specifiedby the accompanying claims.

1. A scroll composite, comprising: a two-dimensional material scrollwith open ends; and an amphiphilic substance disposed inside the scroll.2. The composite of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional material is asingle substance selected from the group consisting of graphene,graphene oxide, boron nitride, boron carbon nitride (BCN), tungstenoxide (WO₃), tungsten sulfide (WS₂), molybdenum sulfide (MoS₂),molybdenum telluride (MoTe₂), and manganese oxide (MnO₂), or a compositesubstance including a stack of two or more thereof.
 3. The composite ofclaim 1, wherein the amphiphilic substance is a surfactant, a bile acid,a bile acid salt, a hydrate of a bile acid salt, a bile acid ester, abile acid derivative, or a bacteriophage.
 4. The composite of claim 3,wherein the surfactant includes one or more compounds selected from thegroup consisting of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ammonium laurylsulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,an alkyltrimethylammonium salt, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPCl),polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), benzalkonium chloride (BAC),benzethonium chloride (BZT), dodecyl betaine, dodecyl dimethylamineoxide, cocamidopropyl betaine, alkyl poly(ethylene oxide), a poloxamer,a poloxamine, alkyl polyglucoside, cetyl alcohol, sodium deoxycholate,cocamide MEA, cocamide DEA, sorbitan ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitanfatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyethyelene glycolhydroxystearate, polyoxyethylene glycolated natural or hydrogenatedcastor oil, a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer, a syntheticvitamin E derivative, polyoxyethylene alkyl ester, fatty acid microgolglyceride, polyglyceryl fatty acid ester, and a silicone-basedsurfactant.
 5. The composite of claim 3, wherein the bile acid isrepresented by Formula 1 as follows:

where R₁ and R₂ are each independently —H or —OH, R₃ is—(CONH—(CH₂)_(n1))_(n2)—Y₁, n1 is 1 or 2, n2 is 1 or 0, and Y₁ is —COOHor —SO₃H.
 6. The composite of claim 5, wherein the bile acid is at leastone selected from the group consisting of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholicacid, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurocholicacid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid,glycodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, glycolithocholic acid, andtaurolithocholic acid.
 7. The composite of claim 5, wherein the bileacid salt is sodium glycochenodeoxycholate, sodiumtaurochenodeoxycholate, sodium taurocholate, sodium dehydrocholate, orsodium deoxycholate.
 8. The composite of claim 5, wherein the hydrate ofthe bile acid salt is sodium taurocholate hydrate or sodium cholatehydrate.
 9. The composite of claim 3, wherein the bile acid derivativeis represented by Formula 2 below:

where n is 0, 1 or 2, and R₄ to R₇ are each independently a grouprepresented by Formula 3,B₁_(m)L₁_(n)G₁  [Formula 3] where B₁ is one group selected from thegroup consisting of

L₁ is a linker of —W₁—, -Q₁-, -Q₂-W₂—, —W₂-Q₁-W₃—, or —W₄-Q₂-W₅-Q₃-Q₆-,W₁, W₂, W₃, W₄, W₅, and W₆ are each independently

a₁ to a₃ are each an integer of 1 to 4, Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄, Q₅, and Q₆ areeach independently

G₁ is a group represented by

and m is 0 or 1, and n is 0 or
 1. 10. The composite of claim 9, whereinthe bile acid derivative is any one of Formulas 4 to 20:

(R)—N-(aminomethyl)-4-((3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanamide

(R)-methyl-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoate

(R)-4-((3R,5R,8R,9S,103,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-N-(hydroxymethyl)pentanamide

(R)—N-(aminomethyl)-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanamide

(R)-4-((3R,5R,7R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-7-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-(sulfooxy)hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoicacid

5β-cholanic acid-3α,12α-diol 3-acetate methyl ester

5β-cholanic acid-3-one

5β-cholanic acid 3,7-dione methyl ester

5β-cholanic acid-3,7-dione

Carbamic(4R)-4-((3R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoicanhydride

3R,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-7,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-((R)-5-((2-methyl-3-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)-5-oxopentan-2-yl)hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3-sulfonicacid

R)-4-oxo-7-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)octanenitrile

3-((R)-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanamido)propanoicacid

(R)-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoicsulfuric anhydride

(R)—N-carbamoyl-4-((3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanamide

4-((S)-1-((3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13S,14S,17R)-3,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)ethyl)benzenesulfonicacid

4-((S)-1-((3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13S,14S,17R)-3,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)ethyl)benzoicacid.
 11. The composite of claim 3, wherein the bacteriophage is afilamentous bacteriophage.
 12. The composite of claim 11, wherein thebacteriophage is at least one selected from the group consisting of T1,T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, M13, MS2, fd, f1 and P22.
 13. The composite ofclaim 1, wherein the amphiphilic substance is formed in a self assembly.14. The composite of claim 13, wherein hydrophilic portions of theamphiphilic substance are exposed at the exterior of the self assembly.15. The composite of claim 13, wherein the self assembly has aspherical, rod-shaped or fiber-shaped structure.
 16. The composite ofclaim 13, wherein the self assembly of the amphiphilic substanceincludes a core particle and one or more shells including theamphiphilic substance self-assembled on the core particle.
 17. Thecomposite of claim 16, wherein hydrophilic portions of the amphiphilicsubstance are exposed at the exterior of the self assembly of theamphiphilic substance.
 18. The composite of claim 16, wherein the coreparticle is spherical or rod-shaped.
 19. The composite of claim 16,wherein the core particle is a metal particle, a metal oxide particle,or a bacteriophage.
 20. A two-dimensional material scroll, which has ascrolled two-dimensional material interactions between adjacenttwo-dimensional material sheets, and open ends.
 21. The scroll of claim20, wherein the two-dimensional material scroll is a hollow scrollincluding an empty inside.
 22. A method for preparing a two-dimensionalmaterial scroll, comprising: providing a two-dimensional material; andscrolling the two-dimensional material by providing an amphiphilicsubstance having a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion ontothe two-dimensional material to form a scroll composite in which theamphiphilic substance is inside a scroll structure.
 23. The method ofclaim 22, wherein the two-dimensional material is provided in the formof a two-dimensional material dispersion dispersed in a solvent.
 24. Themethod of claim 23, wherein the providing of the amphiphilic substanceincludes mixing the two-dimensional material dispersion with anamphiphilic substance solution prepared by dissolving the amphiphilicsubstance in a solvent.
 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:before mixing the amphiphilic substance solution with thetwo-dimensional material dispersion, heating the amphiphilic substancesolution.
 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising: before mixingthe heated amphiphilic substance solution with the two-dimensionalmaterial dispersion, cooling the heated amphiphilic substance solution.27. The method of claim 24, wherein the amphiphilic substance solutionincludes a core particle.
 28. The method of claim 22, furthercomprising: forming a hollow scroll by removing at least a part of theamphiphilic substance therein by solvent treatment and/or thermaltreatment.
 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the solvent is a solventfor dissolving the amphiphilic substance.
 30. The method of claim 28,wherein the thermal treatment is performed at 200 to 800° C.